The definition of the Internet of things has evolved due to the convergence of multiple technologies, real-time analysis, machine learning, sensors of basic products and integrated systems. The traditional fields of integrated systems, wireless sensor networks, control systems, automation (including home automation and construction) and others contribute to enable the Internet of things.
Some applications
Consumer applications:
A growing portion of IoT devices are created for consumer use, including connected vehicles, home automation / smart home, portable technology, connected health and devices with remote monitoring capabilities.
Smart home:
IoT devices are part of the broader concept of home automation, which can include lighting, heating and air conditioning, security means and systems. Long-term benefits could include energy savings by automatically ensuring that lights and electronic components are off.
Business applications:
The term "Enterprise IoT" refers to the devices used in commercial and corporate configurations. By 2019, it is estimated that the IOT will represent 9,100 million devices.
Infrastructure applications:
The monitoring and control of sustainable urban and rural infrastructure operations, such as bridges, railroads, wind farms on land and offshore, is a key IoT application.
The IoT infrastructure can be used to control any event or change in structural conditions that can compromise security and increase risk.
IoT can benefit the construction industry by saving costs, reducing time, improving the quality of the work day, the paperless workflow and increasing productivity. It can help you make faster decisions and save money with real-time data analysis. It can also be used to schedule repair and maintenance activities efficiently, by coordinating tasks between different service providers and users of these facilities.
Even areas such as waste management can benefit from the automation and optimization that the IoT could provide.
Manufacturing:
The IoT can perform the seamless integration of several manufacturing devices equipped with detection, identification, processing, communication, performance and networking capabilities.
Based on a highly integrated intelligent cyberphysical space, it opens the door to create new commercial and market opportunities for manufacturing. The control of the network and the management of the manufacturing equipment, the management of assets and situations, or the control of the manufacturing process also place the IoT in the field of industrial applications and intelligent manufacturing.
IoT intelligent systems allow the rapid manufacturing of new products, the dynamic response to product demands and the real-time optimization of manufacturing production and supply chain networks, through network machinery, sensors and control systems .
It also extends to asset management through predictive maintenance, statistical evaluation and measurements to maximize reliability.
Intelligent industrial management systems can also be integrated with the intelligent network, allowing the optimization of energy in real time.
Measurements, automated controls, plant optimization, health and safety management and other functions are provided by a large number of network sensors.
The term Internet of industrial things IIOT:
It is often found in the manufacturing industries, making reference to the IoT industrial subset. IIoT in the manufacturing industry could generate so much commercial value that it will eventually lead to the fourth industrial revolution, making the so-called industry 4.0.
It is estimated that, in the future, successful companies will be able to increase their income through the Internet by creating new business models and improving productivity, exploiting the analysis for innovation and transforming the workforce.
The growth potential through the implementation of IIoT will generate 12 trillion dollars of global GDP by 2030.
While connectivity and data acquisition are essential for IIoT, they should not be the goal, but the basis and the path to something bigger. Among all the technologies, predictive maintenance is probably the most valued, since it is applicable to existing assets and management systems. The goal of intelligent maintenance systems is to reduce unexpected downtime and increase productivity.
The analysis of industrial big data will play a vital role in the predictive maintenance of manufacturing assets, although this is not the only capacity of industrial big data.
Farming:
There are many applications of IoT in agriculture, such as the collection of data on temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind speed, pest infestation and soil content. This information can be used to automate cultivation techniques, make informed decisions to improve quality and quantity, minimize risk and waste, and reduce the effort required to manage crops.
Energy management:
A significant number of devices that consume energy (for example, switches, sockets, light bulbs, televisions, etc.) already integrate Internet connectivity, allowing them to communicate with public services to balance power generation and use of energy and optimize energy consumption as everything. These devices allow remote control of users or central administration through a cloud-based interface and allow functions such as programming (for example, turning heating systems on or off, controlling ovens, changing lighting conditions, etc.). ).
Environmental monitoring:
IoT environmental monitoring applications generally use sensors to help in environmental protection by monitoring air or water quality, atmospheric or soil conditions, and may even include areas such as monitoring the movements of wildlife and their habitats. The development of devices with limited resources connected to the Internet also means that other applications such as earthquake or tsunami early warning systems can also be used by emergency services to provide more effective help. The IoT devices in this application generally cover a large geographic area and can also be mobile.
Construction and home automation:
IOT devices can be used to monitor and control the mechanical, electrical and electronic systems used in various types of buildings (for example, public and private, industrial, institutional or residential) in home automation and building automation systems.
Other fields of application
Doctor and health care
Specialized sensors can also be equipped within living spaces to monitor the health and general well-being of people.
Care of people
A key application of the smart home is to provide assistance to disabled and elderly people. These home systems use assistive technology to adapt to the specific disabilities of an owner. Voice control can help users with limited vision and mobility.
Transport
The IoT can help in the integration of communications, control and information processing in various transport systems. The application of the IoT extends to all aspects of transport systems ie the vehicle, the infrastructure and the driver or user. If combined with Machine Learning, it also helps reduce traffic accidents.
Trend of Internet of Things technology:
The main significant trend of the IoT in recent years is the explosive growth of connected and Internet controlled devices. The wide range of applications for IoT technology means that the details can be very different from one device to another, but there are basic characteristics shared by most.
